TROLLS, DISINFORMASI, DAN STRATEGI KAMPANYE: TANTANGAN DEMOKRASI DIGITAL DALAM PEMILU 2024
Keywords:
trolls, disinformasi, strategi kampanye, polarisasi politik, Pemilu 2024Abstract
Pemilu Serentak 2024 di Indonesia menghadapi tantangan besar dengan meningkatnya penggunaan trolls dan disinformasi sebagai bagian dari strategi kampanye politik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak kedua fenomena tersebut terhadap kualitas demokrasi digital, khususnya terkait persepsi pemilih dan integritas proses Pemilu. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi konten media sosial dan melakukan wawancara mendalam dengan praktisi politik, penyelenggara Pemilu, dan pemilih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan trolls dalam kampanye memperkuat polarisasi politik di kalangan pemilih melalui penyebaran narasi provokatif. Disinformasi, yang disebarkan secara sistematis oleh aktor politik, terbukti memanipulasi persepsi publik terhadap kandidat dan isu-isu politik, sehingga mengaburkan batas antara informasi yang valid dan palsu. Temuan utama adalah adanya polarization tipping point yaitu tingkat intensitas disinformasi yang dapat menyebabkan fragmentasi sosial yang sulit dipulihkan, serta berdampak negatif pada partisipasi pemilih dan kepercayaan publik terhadap Pemilu. Selain itu, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa regulasi yang ada saat ini tidak cukup memadai untuk menangkal efek negatif dari trolls dan disinformasi. Oleh karena itu, direkomendasikan penguatan transparansi iklan politik di media sosial serta pengembangan mekanisme deteksi dini untuk mengurangi dampak disinformasi.
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