STRATEGI MITIGASI DAMPAK NEGATIF POLITIK IDENTITAS SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PEMILU
Abstract
Dalam praktiknya, politik identitas bagaikan dua mata pisau: ia dapat menjadi positif maupun negatif. Di Indonesia, tren isu politik identitas kian menguat sehingga memitigasi akumulasi negatifnya menjadi niscaya. Artikel ini fokus untuk membedah tanda-tanda, penyebab, dan konsekuensi negatif dari politik identitas sebelum dan sesudah Pemilihan Umum (Pemilu) dengan menggunakan refleksi kritis sebagai paradigma dan tinjauan literatur maupun wawancara sebagai metode. Berdasarkan penelitian kami, ada tiga fenomena yang menunjukkan politik identitas ke arah yang negatif: 1) identitas yang dipersenjatai (weaponized identity); 2) siberbalkanisasi cyberbalkanization/splitinternet; 3) dan menguatnya konservatisme di ranah politik. Selain itu, ada enam penyebab terjadinya masalah ini meliputi, normalisasi budaya partisan dalam konteks politik sehari-hari, marginalisasi, isu kepercayaan, munculnya pandangan ekstremis dari ruang publik, adanya aktor politik, yang melegitimasi dan menyebarkan kebencian secara terorganisir, dan literasi politik yang lemah. Konsekuensinya, suasana demokrasi Indonesia sebelum dan sesudah Pemilu akan penuh dengan ketegangan etnis-agama, hoaks, pelintiran kebencian, dan ketidakpercayaan yang dapat menyebabkan polarisasi, kerusuhan, dan populisme. Di akhir, penelitian ini juga mengartikulasikan delapan cara untuk memitigasi dampak negatif dari identitas politik sebelum dan sesudah Pemilu.
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